Start with what the evidence says. The NIH's complementary health centre (NCCIH) reports that a 2015 review found no compelling research supporting "detox" diets for removing toxins. The FDA and FTC have also acted against detox products that contained hidden ingredients or made false disease claims. If you drink heavily, take many medicines or have liver or kidney disease, talk to a doctor. A supplement is not a substitute for that conversation.
- Milk thistle (silymarin): the most researched "liver" herb, and the results are disappointing. A Cochrane review of 18 trials found no effect on death, complications or liver tissue in alcohol-related or viral liver disease. A US trial of 420 mg or 700 mg three times a day did no better than placebo. It is well tolerated and has not been linked to liver injury, but NCCIH warns that some products contain different amounts than their labels state.
- NAC (N-acetylcysteine): a hospital antidote for paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose. The FDA considers NAC a drug first, and tolerates its sale as a supplement. Its use in an overdose does not show that it "detoxes" healthy people.
- Glutathione: a 6-month trial found that standard oral glutathione (250 or 1,000 mg a day) raised the body's stores, which fell back after stopping. You do not need to pay extra for "liposomal" forms, whose evidence is a 12-person pilot.
- Dandelion: NCCIH finds no compelling evidence for any condition. It may interact with diabetes drugs, blood thinners and water pills.
- Laxative "cleanses". NCCIH warns they can cause diarrhoea, dehydration and poor nutrient absorption.
- Colon cleansing, which can have serious side effects, especially if you have bowel, kidney or heart disease.
- Daily activated charcoal. It is an emergency poisoning treatment, and toxicologists advise against routine use even then. It also reduces absorption of medicines taken with it.
- "Removes toxins" claims that never name the toxin.
- Weight-loss promises. Detox diets can cause short-term weight loss that tends to return.
We rank on label transparency, doses and safety, not on detox promises. The most useful liver habits are still limiting alcohol and not doubling up on paracetamol. If you choose a product, prefer single-ingredient, third-party-tested options with disclosed doses. Tell your doctor or pharmacist what you take, especially if you use prescription drugs.
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